Table of Contents
Using data available up to the: 2020-04-23
Note that it takes time for infection to cause symptoms, to get tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection, for a positive test to return and ultimately to enter the case data presented here. In other words, today’s case data are only informative of new infections about two weeks ago. This is reflected in the plots below, which are by date of infection.
Expected daily confirmed cases by region
Figure 1: The results of the latest reproduction number estimates (based on estimated confirmed cases with a date of infection on the 2020-04-12) in the United States of America, stratified by state, can be summarised by whether confirmed cases are likely increasing or decreasing. This represents the strength of the evidence that the reproduction number in each region is greater than or less than 1, respectively (see the methods for details). Regions with fewer than 40 confirmed cases reported on a single day are not included in the analysis (light grey).
National summary
Summary (estimates as of the 2020-04-12)
Table 1: Latest estimates (as of the 2020-04-12) of the number of confirmed cases by date of infection, the expected change in daily confirmed cases, the effective reproduction number, the doubling time, and the adjusted R-squared of the exponential fit. The mean and 90% credible interval is shown for each numeric estimate.| Estimate | |
|---|---|
| New confirmed cases by infection date | 30853 (30184 – 31544) |
| Expected change in daily cases | Increasing |
| Effective reproduction no. | 1 (1 – 1) |
| Doubling time (days) | 87 (58 – 170) |
| Adjusted R-squared | 0.73 (0.49 – 0.95) |
Reported confirmed cases, their estimated date of infection, and time-varying reproduction number estimates
Figure 2: A.) Confirmed cases by date of report (bars) and their estimated date of infection. B.) Time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number. Light ribbon = 90% credible interval; dark ribbon = the 50% credible interval. Estimates are shown until the 2020-04-12.Dark grey ribbon = 50% credible interval. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by translucency with increased translucency corresponding to reduced confidence.
Time-varying rate of growth and doubling time
Figure 3: A.) Time-varying estimate of the rate of growth, B.) Time-varying estimate of the doubling time in days (note that when the rate of growth is negative the doubling time is assumed to be infinite), C.) The adjusted R-squared estimates indicating the goodness of fit of the exponential regression model (with values closer to 1 indicating a better fit). Estimates are shown until the 2020-04-12. Light ribbon = 90% credible interval; dark ribbon = the 50% credible interval. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by translucency with increased translucency corresponding to reduced confidence.
Regional Breakdown
Data availability
- Case counts by date, stratified by region, were downloaded from a publically available source curated by Johns Hopkins University (“2019 Novel Coronavirus Covid-19 (2019-nCoV) Data Repository” 2020; Abbott et al. 2020).
- Case onset dates were estimated using case counts by date of report and a distribution of reporting delays fitted to a publically available line-list of international cases (Xu et al., n.d.; Abbott et al. 2020).
Limitations
- Line-list data to inform a State specific estimates of the reporting delay were not available.
- Regions are only included if at least 40 confirmed cases have been reported on a single day.
Summary of latest reproduction number and confirmed case count estimates by date of infection
Figure 4: Confirmed cases with date of infection on the 2020-04-12 and the time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number (light bar = 90% credible interval; dark bar = the 50% credible interval.). Regions are ordered by the number of expected daily confirmed cases and shaded based on the expected change in daily confirmed cases. The dotted line indicates the target value of 1 for the effective reproduction no. required for control and a single case required for elimination.
Reproduction numbers over time in the six regions expected to have the most new confirmed cases
Figure 5: Time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number (light ribbon = 90% credible interval; dark ribbon = the 50% credible interval) in the regions expected to have the highest number of new confirmed cases. Estimates are shown up to the 2020-04-12. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by translucency with increased translucency corresponding to reduced confidence. The dotted line indicates the target value of 1 for the effective reproduction no. required for control.
Reported confirmed cases and their estimated date of infection in the six regions expected to have the most new confirmed cases
Figure 6: Confirmed cases by date of report (bars) and their estimated date of infection (light ribbon = 90% credible interval; dark ribbon = the 50% credible interval) in the regions expected to have the highest number of new confirmed cases. Estimates are shown up to the 2020-04-12. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by translucency with increased translucency corresponding to reduced confidence.
Reproduction numbers over time in all regions
Figure 7: Time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number (light ribbon = 90% credible interval; dark ribbon = the 50% credible interval) in all regions. Estimates are shown up to the 2020-04-12. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by translucency with increased translucency corresponding to reduced confidence. The dotted line indicates the target value of 1 for the effective reproduction no. required for control.
Reported confirmed cases and their estimated date of infection in all regions
Figure 8: Confirmed cases by date of report (bars) and their estimated date of infection (light ribbon = 90% credible interval; dark ribbon = the 50% credible interval) in all regions. Estimates are shown up to the 2020-04-12. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by translucency with increased translucency corresponding to reduced confidence.
Latest estimates (as of the 2020-04-12)
Table 2: Latest estimates (as of the 2020-04-12) of the number of confirmed cases by date of infection, the effective reproduction number, and the doubling time in each region. The mean and 90% credible interval is shown.| State | New confirmed cases by infection date | Expected change in daily cases | Effective reproduction no. | Doubling time (days) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 199 (140 – 245) | Unsure | 1 (0.8 – 1.2) | -62 (20 – Inf) |
| Arizona | 193 (133 – 249) | Unsure | 1 (0.8 – 1.2) | 110 (13 – Inf) |
| Arkansas | 158 (110 – 206) | Increasing | 1.5 (1.1 – 1.8) | 9.2 (5.2 – 44) |
| California | 1664 (1496 – 1808) | Increasing | 1.2 (1.1 – 1.3) | 20 (14 – 36) |
| Colorado | 350 (279 – 420) | Unsure | 1 (0.9 – 1.1) | -500 (22 – Inf) |
| Connecticut | 924 (808 – 1034) | Unsure | 1 (0.9 – 1.1) | 120 (27 – Inf) |
| Delaware | 161 (107 – 207) | Unsure | 1.1 (0.9 – 1.4) | 39 (9.8 – Inf) |
| District of Columbia | 158 (106 – 212) | Likely increasing | 1.1 (0.9 – 1.4) | 25 (8.4 – Inf) |
| Florida | 819 (697 – 910) | Likely decreasing | 0.9 (0.8 – 1) | -58 (74 – Inf) |
| Georgia | 690 (589 – 787) | Likely decreasing | 0.9 (0.8 – 1) | -110 (38 – Inf) |
| Guam | 23 (1 – 42) | Unsure | 0.9 (0.3 – 1.5) | -25 (4.6 – Inf) |
| Idaho | 40 (8 – 68) | Unsure | 1.2 (0.6 – 1.9) | 16 (3.8 – Inf) |
| Illinois | 1381 (1238 – 1517) | Unsure | 1 (0.9 – 1.1) | 250 (35 – Inf) |
| Indiana | 488 (409 – 575) | Unsure | 1 (0.9 – 1.2) | 67 (18 – Inf) |
| Iowa | 340 (262 – 404) | Increasing | 1.5 (1.2 – 1.7) | 8.3 (5.7 – 15) |
| Kansas | 115 (62 – 169) | Likely increasing | 1.2 (0.9 – 1.6) | 16 (6 – Inf) |
| Kentucky | 170 (105 – 226) | Likely increasing | 1.2 (0.9 – 1.4) | 22 (7.9 – Inf) |
| Louisiana | 446 (367 – 529) | Decreasing | 0.9 (0.7 – 1) | -39 (62 – Inf) |
| Maine | 34 (1 – 63) | Unsure | 1 (0.4 – 1.6) | -15 (5.3 – Inf) |
| Maryland | 659 (561 – 755) | Unsure | 1 (0.9 – 1.1) | 270 (25 – Inf) |
| Massachusetts | 1694 (1513 – 1838) | Likely decreasing | 1 (0.9 – 1) | -83 (92 – Inf) |
| Michigan | 757 (646 – 845) | Decreasing | 0.8 (0.7 – 0.9) | -18 (Inf – Inf) |
| Minnesota | 139 (78 – 194) | Likely increasing | 1.2 (0.8 – 1.5) | 22 (7.2 – Inf) |
| Mississippi | 237 (168 – 293) | Unsure | 1.1 (0.9 – 1.3) | 36 (11 – Inf) |
| Missouri | 168 (103 – 216) | Likely decreasing | 0.9 (0.7 – 1.1) | -21 (37 – Inf) |
| Nebraska | 145 (83 – 207) | Increasing | 1.3 (1 – 1.7) | 12 (5.5 – Inf) |
| Nevada | 119 (65 – 166) | Unsure | 1 (0.7 – 1.2) | -120 (12 – Inf) |
| New Hampshire | 68 (26 – 105) | Unsure | 1.1 (0.7 – 1.5) | 61 (6.6 – Inf) |
| New Jersey | 3514 (3283 – 3723) | Unsure | 1 (1 – 1.1) | 150 (47 – Inf) |
| New Mexico | 102 (60 – 148) | Unsure | 1.1 (0.8 – 1.4) | 43 (8.1 – Inf) |
| New York | 5383 (5084 – 5659) | Decreasing | 0.8 (0.7 – 0.8) | -14 (Inf – Inf) |
| North Carolina | 282 (201 – 344) | Unsure | 1 (0.9 – 1.2) | 64 (13 – Inf) |
| North Dakota | 70 (25 – 118) | Likely increasing | 1.6 (0.9 – 2.2) | 7.4 (3.4 – Inf) |
| Ohio | 1123 (988 – 1235) | Increasing | 1.4 (1.2 – 1.5) | 9.1 (7.1 – 12) |
| Oklahoma | 96 (52 – 132) | Unsure | 1 (0.7 – 1.3) | -150 (11 – Inf) |
| Oregon | 69 (27 – 107) | Unsure | 1.1 (0.7 – 1.5) | 45 (6.3 – Inf) |
| Pennsylvania | 1310 (1168 – 1437) | Likely decreasing | 1 (0.9 – 1) | -120 (60 – Inf) |
| Puerto Rico | 73 (31 – 111) | Likely increasing | 1.3 (0.8 – 1.7) | 17 (5.1 – Inf) |
| Rhode Island | 338 (266 – 396) | Likely increasing | 1.1 (0.9 – 1.2) | 55 (15 – Inf) |
| South Carolina | 136 (85 – 181) | Unsure | 0.9 (0.7 – 1.1) | -71 (15 – Inf) |
| South Dakota | 96 (47 – 141) | Unsure | 0.9 (0.6 – 1.2) | -16 (21 – Inf) |
| Tennessee | 240 (177 – 296) | Unsure | 1 (0.8 – 1.2) | 260 (17 – Inf) |
| Texas | 734 (619 – 830) | Likely decreasing | 0.9 (0.8 – 1) | -71 (51 – Inf) |
| Utah | 135 (74 – 185) | Unsure | 1.1 (0.8 – 1.4) | 23 (7.3 – Inf) |
| Vermont | 63 (0 – 143) | Unsure | 2.2 (0.2 – 4.1) | 9.8 (1.8 – Inf) |
| Virginia | 539 (444 – 616) | Increasing | 1.1 (1 – 1.3) | 25 (13 – Inf) |
| Washington | 234 (154 – 299) | Unsure | 1 (0.8 – 1.2) | 50 (11 – Inf) |
| West Virginia | 57 (17 – 96) | Unsure | 1.3 (0.7 – 1.8) | 17 (4.4 – Inf) |
| Wisconsin | 154 (95 – 215) | Unsure | 1 (0.8 – 1.3) | 75 (10 – Inf) |
“2019 Novel Coronavirus Covid-19 (2019-nCoV) Data Repository.” 2020. Johns Hopkins CSSE. https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19.
Abbott, Sam, Joel Hellewell, James D. Munday, and Sebastian Funk. 2020. “NCoVUtils: Utility Functions for the 2019-Ncov Outbreak.” - - (-): –. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3635417.
Xu, Bo, Bernardo Gutierrez, Sarah Hill, Samuel Scarpino, Alyssa Loskill, Jessie Wu, Kara Sewalk, et al. n.d. “Epidemiological Data from the nCoV-2019 Outbreak: Early Descriptions from Publicly Available Data.” http://virological.org/t/epidemiological-data-from-the-ncov-2019-outbreak-early-descriptions-from-publicly-available-data/337.